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Nicoumalone tablets contain the active ingredient acenocoumarol (previously known as nicoumalone in the UK), which is a type of medicine called an oral anticoagulant. It is used to stop blood clots forming within the blood vessels. Blood clots normally only form to stop bleeding that has occurred as a result of injury to the tissues. The clotting process is complicated and begins when blood cells called platelets clump together at the site of damage and produce chemicals that activate clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are proteins that are produced by the liver. Vitamin K is essential for their production. The activated clotting factors cause a protein called fibrinogen to be converted into another called fibrin. Fibrin binds the platelets together, forming a blood clot. This is the bodyÆs natural way of repairing itself. Sometimes, however, a blood clot can form abnormally within the blood vessels. This is known as a thrombus and can be dangerous because the clot may detach and travel in the bloodstream, where it becomes known as an embolus. The clot may eventually get lodged in a blood vessel, thereby blocking the blood supply to a vital organ such as the heart, brain or lungs. This is known as a thromboembolism.Some people have an increased tendency for blood clots to form within the blood vessels. This is usually due to a disturbance in the blood flow within the blood vessels. For example, fatty deposits on the walls of the blood vessels (atherosclerosis) can disrupt the blood flow, giving a tendency for platelets to clump together and start off the clotting process. Slow blood flow in the leg and pelvic veins can also result in clots forming (deep vein thrombosis). These clots can break off and travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism). A type of fast irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation can also disrupt blood flow and may lead to blood clots forming in the heart. Heart valve disease can have the same effect, particularly if artificial heart valves have been fitted. Clots in the heart can detach and travel to the brain, causing a stroke. Acenocoumarol is used to reduce the risk of blood clots forming inside the blood vessels in conditions such as these. Acenocoumarol works by preventing the vitamin K dependent production of the clotting factors described above. Acenocoumarol prevents the production of these clotting factors by inhibiting the action of vitamin K. Without these clotting factors fibrinogen cannot be converted into fibrin and blood clots are therefore less likely to occur.Acenocoumarol takes about three days to produce its full anticoagulant effect because, while it prevents the production of new clotting factors, it takes about this long for clotting factors that have already been produced to be used up. For this reason, when treating blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism, a faster acting injectable anticoagulant, such as a heparin, is often used as well to begin with.The anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol is measured in terms of the prothombin time, which is the time taken for blood clotting to occur in a sample of blood to which calcium and a substance known as thromboplastin have been added. This time is expressed as the International Normalised Ratio (INR). Your doctor will take regular blood samples and adjust your dose of acenocoumarol as necessary to make your INR fall into the range that has been shown to be effective at preventing blood clots in your particular condition.What is it used for? Treating and preventing blood clots in the blood vessels, for example in the following cases:Preventing abnormal blood clots in conditions with increased risk, eg rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and after insertion of artificial (prosthetic) heart valves Treatment and prevention of blood clots lodged in the veins of the leg (deep vein thrombosis) Treatment and prevention of blood clots that have travelled to the lungs (pulmonary embolism)

Daktarin ( Generic Miconazole )

DAKTARIN Cream is a medicineused for treating athlete's foot, tinea,ringworm and thrush infections ofthe skin caused by fungi, including yeast.Do not use DAKTARIN Cream ifyou know you are allergic to:* miconazole or any of theingredients (see the last section ofthis leaflet for a full list ofingredients)* similar antifungal agents such as ketoconazole.Do not use DAKTARIN Cream if:* you are pregnant orbreastfeeding, unless your doctorhas advised you to* the packaging is torn or showssigns of being tampered with* the expiry date (month and year)printed on the pack has passed. Ifyou take it after the expiry date itmay not work

Nizoral ( Nizoral, Generic Ketoconazole )

Ketoconazole is used to treat fungal infections. Ketoconazole is most often used to treat fungal infections that can spread to different parts of the body through the bloodstream such as yeast infections of the mouth, skin, urinary tract, and blood, and certain fungal infections that begin on the skin or in the lungs and can spread through the body. Ketoconazole is also used to treat fungal infections of the skin or nails that cannot be treated with other medications. Ketoconazole is in a class of antifungals called imidazoles. It works by slowing the growth of fungi that cause infection. Ketoconazole comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day. To help you remember to take ketoconazole, take it at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take ketoconazole exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.If you have certain medical conditions, your doctor will tell you to take ketoconazole tablets dissolved in an acid solution. Your doctor will tell you exactly how to do this. Follow these directions carefully.Your doctor will probably start you on an average dose of ketoconazole. Your doctor may increase your dose if your infection is very serious or your condition does not improve.You may need to take ketoconazole for several weeks or months to cure your infection completely. Your doctor will probably order laboratory tests to be sure your infection has been treated. Continue to take ketoconazole until your doctor tells you that you should stop, even if you feel better. Do not stop taking ketoconazole without talking to your doctor. If you stop taking ketoconazole too soon, your infection may come back after a short time. Ketoconazole is also sometimes used to treat vaginal yeast infections, tinea versicolor (spots on skin caused by yeast), eumycetoma (a severe fungal skin infection that often affects the foot), leishmaniasis (a disease caused by the bite of an infected sand fly), prostate cancer (cancer that begins in a male reproductive organ), high blood levels of calcium in patients with certain conditions, Cushing's syndrome (high blood levels of a natural substance called cortisol), and excessive hair growth in women. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this drug for your condition.

Nicolet Fresh Mint Chewing Gum ( Nicorette Gum, Generic Nicotine )

Helping you to quit smoking.Nicolet Gum is a smoking deterrent. It works by providing low levels of nicotine, which may help you to quit smoking by lessening physical signs of withdrawal symptoms.This medication can help you quit smoking by replacing the nicotine in cigarettes. The nicotine in tobacco is an important part of cigarette addiction. When you stop smoking, your nicotine levels drop quickly. This drop can cause withdrawal symptoms such as craving tobacco, nervousness, irritability, headache, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating.Stopping smoking is hard and your chance of success is best when you are ready and have made a commitment to quit. Nicotine replacement products are part of a total stop-smoking program that includes behavior change, counseling, and support. Smoking causes lung disease, cancer, and heart disease. Stopping smoking is one of the most important things you can do to improve your health and live longer.How to use Nicolet gumIf you are using the over-the-counter product, read all directions on the product package before using this medication. If your doctor has prescribed this medication, read the Patient Information Leaflet if provided by your pharmacist before you start using this product and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.Do not eat or drink anything for 15 minutes before or during use of the gum. Do not use if the individual wrapper is open or damaged.Do not smoke or use any tobacco/nicotine product while using this medication. Chew a piece of gum when you feel the urge to smoke. Chew the gum very slowly until it tingles, then move it to the space between your cheek and gum. Keep it there until it stops tingling. When the tingle is gone, begin chewing again until the tingle returns. Most of the nicotine will be gone after 30 minutes. Do not use more than 1 piece of gum at a time. You may also use this product on a regular schedule as well as at times when you have the urge to smoke. The best dose for you is the dose that decreases the urge to smoke without side effects from too much nicotine. Your dose will need to be adjusted to your needs, including your smoking history and medical condition.For the first 6 weeks, use at least 9 pieces each day. If you still have a strong urge to smoke, you can use a second piece of gum within 1 hour. Do not continuously use 1 piece right after another. Doing so will increase side effects such as hiccups, nausea, or heartburn. Most people use about 9 to 12 pieces of gum per day during the first month of treatment. Do not chew more than 24 pieces of gum a day.After you have stopped smoking and you have reached the best dose and schedule for you, continue at that dose. Start to lower your dose after 6 weeks or as directed by your doctor until you are no longer smoking and no longer need nicotine replacement.Since this medication contains nicotine, it may cause dependence, especially if it has been used regularly for an extended time or if it has been used in high doses. In such cases, withdrawal reactions (e.g., tobacco cravings, nervousness, irritability, headache) may occur if you suddenly stop this drug. To prevent withdrawal when stopping extended/regular treatment with this drug, gradually reduce the dosage as directed. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details, and report any withdrawal reactions immediately.Some smokers are unsuccessful the first time they try to quit. You may need to stop using this product and try again later. Many people who cannot quit the first time are successful the next time. Do not use this product for more than 12 weeks at a time unless directed by your doctor.

Lanoxin ( Digitek, Lanoxicaps, Generic Digoxin )

Digoxin is used to treat heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It helps the heart work better and it helps control your heart rate.Digoxin comes as a tablet, capsule, or pediatric elixir (liquid) to take by mouth. Digoxin is usually taken once a day. The pediatric elixir comes with a specially marked dropper for measuring the dose. If you have difficulty, ask your pharmacist to show you how to use it. It is important that you always take the same brand of digoxin. Different brands of digoxin have different amounts of active drug and your dose would need to be changed.Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take digoxin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.Digoxin helps control your condition but will not cure it. Continue to take digoxin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking digoxin without talking to your doctor.Digoxin is also used to treat heart pain (angina) and may be used after a heart attack.

Relestat ( Elestat, Generic Epinastine Hcl )

This medication is an antihistamine used to prevent itching of the eyes caused by allergies (allergic conjunctivitis).How to use Epinastine OphtThis medication is used in both eyes, usually twice daily; or as directed by your doctor. Use should continue during times when you may be exposed to the agents (e.g., allergens, pollens) that can cause allergic conjunctivitis, even if your eyes are not irritated or itchy.If you wear contact lenses, remove them before applying this medication. Wait at least 10 minutes after using the drops before wearing your lenses again.To apply eye drops, wash your hands first. To avoid contamination, do not touch the dropper tip or let it touch your eye or any other surface.Tilt your head back, look upward and pull down the lower eyelid to make a pouch. Hold the dropper directly over your eye and instill the prescribed number of drops. Look downward and gently close your eye for 1 to 2 minutes. Place one finger at the inside corner of the eye and apply gentle pressure to prevent the medication from draining out. Try not to blink and do not rub your eye.Do not rinse the dropper. Replace the dropper cap after each use.If you are using another kind of eye medication (e.g., drops or ointments), wait at least 10 minutes before applying other medications. Use eye drops before eye ointments to allow the eye drops to enter the eye.Epinastine Opht is used to treat the following:Allergic Conjunctivitis, Eye Itching

Nimodip ( Nimotop, Generic Nimodipine )

Nimodipine is used to treat symptoms resulting from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain (hemorrhage). It increases blood flow to injured brain tissue.Nimodipine comes as a capsule to take by mouth. If a patient cannot swallow the capsule, the medication can be given through a feeding tube. It is usually taken every 4 hours for 21 days. Nimodipine should be taken on an empty stomach, either 1 hour before a meal, or 2 hours after a meal. This medication should be started within 4 days of the brain hemorrhage.Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take nimodipine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.Nimodipine is also used sometimes to treat migraine headaches.

Valcivir ( Valtrex, Generic Valacyclovir )

Valacyclovir is used to treat cold sores (herpes labialis) and shingles (herpes zoster). It is also used to treat genital herpes in patients with normal immune systems. Valacyclovir can also be used to control genital herpes outbreaks in all patients, including those with HIV. This is also known as suppressive therapy. This medication helps control symptoms, but does not cure the disease.Valacyclovir belongs to a class of medications known as antivirals.If you are taking valacyclovir for treatment of genital herpes, it is important to follow safe sex practices to lower the chance of giving herpes to your partner, even if there are no symptoms present. Always use a condom made of latex or polyurethane. When you have symptoms or are experiencing an outbreak, do not have sexual contact with your partner.OTHER USES: This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This medication may be used to prevent or treat other types of viral infections (cytomegalovirus) in certain patient populations.How to use Valacyclovir OralRead the Patient Information Leaflet available from your pharmacist. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.Take valacyclovir by mouth, with or without food or as directed by your doctor. Drink plenty of fluids while taking this medication. When taking this medication to treat an outbreak, it works best if you take this medication when you first notice an outbreak is starting. The medication may not work as well if you wait more than 72 hours to start it. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.When treating an outbreak, continue to take this medication until the full-prescribed amount is finished even if symptoms disappear. When using this drug to suppress/control outbreaks, take exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not skip doses or stop taking this without your doctor's approval. Stopping therapy too soon may result in ineffective treatment.If using this medication to treat an outbreak, inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.